Foundations of Laws and Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundations of Laws and Rules - Essay Example As to effectivity, the former takes effect upon the recognition by the court while the latter may take effect at a later date as embodied in the formal instrument. Common law is amended by slow changes over time while statutory laws requires an enactment of either a new law that superceeds, modifies or amends the old law. The parties can move for arbitration or file a suit. In proceeding to an alternative dispute resolution or arbitration the parties present the facts to arbitrators that are trained experts familiar with the industry practices thus their assessment of the issue may affect the nature and outcome of the dispute. The fears of the parties are put to rest since the arbitrators are well knowledgeable in the problems in real estate development. In filing a suit, the court may be appraised of problems in real estate development through the presentation of an expert witness who has special expertise on the matter and can explain it to the court (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceauticals, Inc). Fears that the court may not be able to grasp the concept must not be entertained since there are ways of discovery that the court can employ like depositions, interrogatories and requests for production of documents. Aside from these, court processes like direct, cross examination, redirect and recross e xamination open doors for clarifications to give the court a better understanding of the issue at hand. The clause is valid. The Uniform Arbitration Act allows parties to agree in advance that all disputes arising under the contract be submitted to arbitration. Binding arbitration holds parties to respect the decision of the arbitrator as final even if the decision of the arbitrator seems to be wrong. The court will only set aside the decision if â€Å"there is clear proof of fraud, arbitrary conduct, or significant procedural error† (Trans Chemical Ltd. V Chhina Nat. Machinery Import & Export). John can either send the computer

Great expectations Essay Example for Free

Great expectations Essay Chapter 11 sees Pip on his second visit to Satis House, and the early introduction of several important characters such as Jaggers and Herbert, who play vital roles in Pips later life and great expectations. Ms. Havishams poisoned and hateful mind can be seen through her malicious thoughts that are reflected through her choice of words: I am yellow skin and bone. She has clearly brooded a great deal over her past and has lived the majority of her adult life full of contempt and bitterness for the entire male race. An air of Mystery is given to the fact that we do not actually know the cause of Ms. Havisham resentment, all we do know is that she was once to be married, and due to some occurrence or misfortune, the wedding did not take, but everything, from that fateful day, has stayed still. The time has stopped at twenty minutes to nine, and even her bride-cake is still there. One assumes, after reading the Chapter, that the mystery plot will be solved eventually, and the suspense lures the readers further into the novel . The suspense that surrounds the character of Ms. Havisham is half-satisfied when the readers find out the truth of what actually happened to Ms. Havisham, (that she victim of a conspiracy of which her money was the ultimate motive), in Chapter 22 from Herbert. Satis House is dismal and unchanging. Like the bride-cake, which now has black fungus growing out of it and speckled-legged spiders with blotchy bodies running to it, Ms. Havisham has also deteriorated. The vermin, the poison and the hate also rush flood to her mind, causing her to lose all control of any logical decisions or rational thoughts. Like the cake, Ms. Havisham is also dropping to pieces, covered with dust and mould. Ms Havisham could be described as being Satis House herself, she has become part of her landscape, as she herself says: It and I have worn away together. All the death images, corpse-like, shroud, grave-clothes, all symbolise the slow death of Ms Havisham, the cruel image of her rotting and decaying a result of her twisted, evil mind. The suspense and thrilling horror surrounding Ms. Havisham sustains the readers attentions, as they listen attentively to hang on to every word she speaks, in the hope of any clues to what tragedy she was victim of that has made her into the person she is. The dull nonsensical conversations made by the relatives emphasise just how intriguing Ms. Havishams character is. Her dramatic flairs of speech and over-exaggeration: when they lay me dead captures the readers much more than the repetitive, irrelevant conversation made by the relatives. Ms. Havishams relations are characterised as being money-greedy, selfish people. Their only reasons for visiting their half-sister is simply for her large fortune and in the hope that they, once she is finally dead, will inherit each large portions of her money. The dreary, dull conversations that seem to have no concluding points underlines the uselessness and narrow-mindedness of these people. Certainly, the descriptions of the relatives are far from flattering: so very blank and high was the dead wall of her face. Dickens has chosen to make these characters into comic figures. They represent Dickens view of the majority of middle-high class of society, educated yet still fools. Camilla, in particular, provides entertainment for the audience with her ridiculous self-pitying airs: I cried about it from breakfast to dinner. Her pretence is obvious, and one may guess from Ms. Havishams contempt for her relations that she understands that they care not for her but for her money: when you come to feast upon me. Ms. Havishams relations are the image of a selfish and materialistic side of society. The readers are given an early introduction to the character of Jaggers, Pips future lawyer and guide to his fortune and the world of industrious, educated so-called gentleman. Again, like Ms. Havisham, the readers are lured into the burly man on the stairs. The description is mysterious and surprisingly detailed for just a stranger: eyes set very deep in his head. When Pip states: He was nothing to me, and I could have had no foresight then, that he would be anything to me Our suspicions are nearly confirmed that Jaggers will play an important part in Pips later life. Jaggers description is interesting when one looks for clues in his personality, his eyes also being described as being: disagreeable sharp and suspicious, a clue to Jaggers alertness and ability to see through people as if they were transparent. His bushy black eyebrows that wouldnt lie down but stood up bristling symbolises Jaggers habit of attentively understanding a persons mind by every move that they make. The hands that smelt of scented soap is Jaggers future tagline or reference to himself, the idea of washing away the guilt of dealing with guilty criminal convicts. Herbert, the Pale young gentleman is first introduced in this chapter, as an unhealthy boy, with pimple on his face and a breaking out at his mouth, yet, his brave attitude and desperation to fight a fair and just battle appeals to the readers. As he says to Pip after he has been so easily defeated: That means you have won. Even Pip is surprised by his moral integrity: He was so brave and innocent, his ability to accept defeat and fight an unlikely battle gains respect from the readers, and Herbert is seen as a comical figure at his vain attempts fight back at Pip. He later carries the image of honesty when he is an adult, and represents the gentleman whose of free-spirit, whose cares lie not in money and reputation, but in the happiness of life. In Chapter 11, we are introduced to several new characters and are given distinct and sometimes obvious clues to Pips later life. They later play a great influence on Pips thoughts, actions, and journey to become a true gentleman.

Alone, by Lisa Gardner :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alone, by Lisa Gardner, is a story about a police sniper, Bobby, who was called to a hostage situation and ends up taking actions he will later regret. What you see at first glance is not always what it really is. Bobby thought he saw one thing happening in the house on that night, but the truth was something he could never imagine. In November 1998 Catherine Gagnon had reached her final string. Lives were about to change with just the pull of a trigger. Bobby didn’t know that when he pulled that trigger he was going to be pulled into a whole tangle of lies and secrets. Bobby and Catherine’s lives are about to collide and become their worst nightmare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bobby Dodge had been out for another night on the job when they got the call from Catherine Gagnon. Bobby was a very well respected member of the Massachusetts State Police Special Tactics and Operations (STOP) Team for six years. He was good at his job and this call was just another routine night for him, or so he thought. Catherine Gagnon had a very disturbing childhood. She was kidnapped and kept in a man-made four-by-six prison built just for her. She stayed in the silence and in the dark for twenty-eight days wondering when her keeper would come back and she would be tossed around and played with like a rag doll. She was rescued on November 18, by hunters, and was dubbed the Thanksgiving Miracle. Catherine grew up but keeping this deep secret with her all along. She married Jimmy Gagnon, the son of a very powerful judge in Boston. Their marriage had not been all it was made out to be. When Bobby arrived at their house it appeared that Jimmy had been holding C atherine and their son, Nathan, hostage in their house and had a gun. Bobby was good at his job; he saw the signs of danger and fired. The threat was over. But for Bobby, the trouble was just beginning. Judge Gagnon was not very happy with the news of his son being shot and was going to try to press charges on Bobby for murder. He did not like his daughter-in-law and was convinced she was hurting his grandchild, Nathan. Nathan always seemed to be sick. Bobby had no idea who he was shooting when he pulled that trigger, he just knew he was saving a life.

Infancy and Early Childhood Paper Essay

I believe â€Å"Piaget’s theory of cognitive development† best explains the cognitive development both in infancy and early childhood. His theory is explained by a theory of cognitive organization called schemes. Schemes are the â€Å"actions or mental representations that organize knowledge† (Santrock, 2008, p. 94). According to his theory, schemes change with age; in other words, they are action-based (motor patterns) at first and then gradually change to a mental (thinking) level. There are several key terms that explain Piaget’s process of developmental change; those include adaptation, assimilation, accommodation, organization, and equilibration. Sensorimotor stage is the first of the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. It lasts from birth to the about 2 years of age, where awareness of the world is limited to what can be known through sensory awareness and motor acts. Furthermore, Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage into six sub-stages: 1) simple reflexes; (2) first habits and primary circular reactions; (3) secondary circular reactions; (4) coordination of secondary circular reactions; (5) tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity; and (6) internalization of schemes (Santrock, 2008, p. 96). †¢Reflexive Schemes: this is present in newborns. Initially, the infant’s actions are coordinated through reflexive behaviors, such as rooting and sucking. But gradually the infant produces behaviors that resemble reflexes in the absence of the usual stimulus for the reflex (Santrock, 2008). †¢Primary circular reactions: it develops between 1 and 4 months of age. In this stage, infants begin to adapt their reflexes to their environment; simple motor habits are centered around own body (Caulfield, 2001)†¢Secondary circular reactions: it develops between 4 and 8 months of age. The focus of infants’ exploration shits to external events. Infants develop awareness that objects continue to exist even when not in sight at about 8 months of age (Caulfield, 2001)†¢Coordination of secondary circular reactions: develops between 8 and 12 months of age. Infants begin to demonstrate intentional behavior and anticipate events; they coordinate separate actions to achieve desired goals (Caulfield, 2001). †¢Tertiary circular reactions: develops between 12 and 18 months of age. Infants reach an advanced level of proficiency; they begin to explore properties of objects through novel actions (Caulfield, 2001). †¢Internalization of schemes: develops between 18 and 24 months of age. Their ability to represent the external world internally begins to develop, also called as symbolic representation. Also, deferred imitation, the ability to retain and copy a representation of an observed behavior, begins to develop (Caulfield, 2001). I also believe Piaget’s theory best explains the cognitive development in early childhood as well. His Preoperational period, the second stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development lasts from approximately 2 to 7 years of age. In this age, â€Å"children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. Not only that, they begin to form stable concepts and embark on reasoning† (Santrock, 2008, p. 145). Also, egocentricism (inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective) and magical beliefs also begin to play a role in child’s cognitive development. There are different sub-stages of the preoperational stage. Symbolic function sub-stage is the first sub-stage of the pre-operational thought. In this stage, the child has the capability to mentally represent an object that is not physically present. This stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 4 years of age. The Intuitive Thought Sub-stage, the second sub-stage of preoperational thought that generally occurs between 4 and 7 years of age. In this stage, children are tempted to ask many questions. In other words, one of the most prominent words for the children around this age is â€Å"why†. There are many similarities and differences between the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development that explains infancy and early childhood. Similarities †¢Both the selected theories that I believe best describes cognitive development in infancy and early childhood come from Piaget. †¢Both theories have stages (Sensorimotor and preoperational) and are further divided into sub-stages. †¢Both theories rely on the assumption that infants and children actively construct an understanding of the world. †¢Both theories give a time frame of when the stages and the sub- stages occur†¢Both theories have limitations. Differences †¢Sensorimotor stage deals with infants from birth to 2 years of age and Preoperational stage deals with early childhood that generally occurs between the ages of 2 and 7. †¢Sensorimotor is the stage one of the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; whereas preoperational period is stage two of his theory. †¢The limitation of the sensorimotor stages rests on the accuracy of the timing of the events that Piaget mentioned; whereas the limitation of the Pre-operational thought rests on the concepts such as centration and conservation. Therefore, in this paper, I have considered Piaget’s theory to explain cognitive development in both infancy and early childhood. I have also considered the similarities and differences between the two theories. References Caulfield, R. A. (2001). Infants and toddlers. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice HallSantrock, J. W. (2008). Essentials of life-span development. NY: McGraw-Hill.

My first time traveling alone Essay

BC – 12 Narrative/descriptive essay My most unforgettable flight experience I have been exposed to traveling ever since I learned how to speak, whether by boat, bus, or plane. Living in Kuwait, a country in the Middle East, my whole family and I did our best to visit our family and friends back home in the Philippines. I learned the basics of traveling from my father and through observation. As a child I had always been excited before boarding a plane and as someone who lives far from a home country, learning to travel is a must. My father told me, that when you grow up you should learn how to travel alone. I figured that moment would be very soon. From all my experience of 11-hour flights, one stands among them all. My first time traveling alone. April 7, 2014 I had just finished second year when my parents told me the news of my transfer to Philippines. They said â€Å"since you are about to go to college two years from now, you should learn what it’s like to live in the Philippines†. At first I was shocked because my life was in Kuwait, he friends and family that I cared for, I would all leave behind once I board the plane. But since my father’s decision was final, I had no choice but to accept the change that was going to happen. My dad was the head of the family so I had to follow everything he says, he’s not very strict but when it comes to obedience, he must be followed. Put all of that aside, my father also told me, â€Å"You should travel alone since we want you to become responsible.† All my years of experience would be put to the test. I already knew what to do, the ticket was ready but my mind was not. The thought of being alone with complete strangers and the thought of disaster prompted me to think otherwise. The thing that excited me the most was also the thing that scared me. April 12, 2014 finally the day of my flight came; I was all packed and ready to go. My family went with me to the airport to see me off and when we arrived the airport was bustling with people going to and in from other countries, it was a cycle that kept repeating 24/7. I thought to myself â€Å" it really is easy to get lost in a flood of passengers coming from different parts of the world, each having a different story to tell.† After passing through the checkup point, the employees took over my guidance; there was no  more daddy or mommy to help me. My first destination was a 1-hour flight to Abu Dhabi then a 10-hour flight to manila and from then on a 30 minute flight to Dumaguete. I had no problem checking in my baggage and boarding the plane because the employees were very hospitable, they assisted through almost everything including the paying of fines and finding the seat number. I was so scared at the time but the thought of a safe flight and the kind aura of the employees eased me a bit. During my one-hour flight to Abu Dhabi, it was 8:00 and I was just watching TV and ate the sandwich that the stewardess gave me nothing much happened after that and I just awaited my next flight to manila. The 10 hour flight seemed short because the plane had mini screen TV’s attached to the back of every seat where we could play games and watch movies, three hours into the flight most of the passengers were already asleep, it was very quiet but I was caught up by the games that I forgot I was even alone. It was 7:00am when we were about to land, I opened a window and the sun shone so bright and seeing the clouds, it looked like heaven. I looked down and saw the islands, the boats and the water trail left by them made the view. I still can’t explain the feeling I felt looking through the airplane window. A moment after that, the flight attendant made an announcement that we were about to land. Almost all of the passengers were awake and I was thinking of the possible dangers that could happen, but before I knew it we had already landed. Knowing that my trip is coming to a close I bought a souvenir which is a small plane attached to a keychain but for some reason I lost it three months later. Outside the airport my older cousin was waiting outside, she was studying nursing in Manila; she guided me to the next terminal where I would await my next and final flight, which is bound for Dumaguete. I boarded the plane and landed in Dumaguete 30 minutes later where my other relatives were waiting. That night I was reflecting upon the flight I had, I did not know I would miss it so much. Although the trip was over I wasn’t fully recovered from the experience and can’t wait to tell my parents about it.

Background and Prediction Essay Example

Background and Prediction Essay Example Background and Prediction Essay Background and Prediction Essay Evaporation is the process of a substance turning from its liquid form to its gaseous form. This occurs when a substance (in liquid form) is heated to a certain temperature this temperature varies between substances and is called the boiling point. What happens is that as heat is applied to the liquid the particles inside it absorb the energy from the heat and become more and more excited (they vibrate more quickly) as more heat is applied. Eventually the particles become so excited that they break free from the surface of the liquid and become vapour. Evaporation has occurred at this point.The reason a liquid becomes a gas when the particles become excited is that a gas has much weaker inter-molecular bonds than a liquid. A solid has the strongest inter-molecular bonds so that is the most difficult state of substance to manipulate.Things which could affect the speed of evaporation are:* Type of liquid;* Colour of liquid;* Colour of container;* Aperture of container.I am going to in vestigate how the type of liquid affects the speed of evaporation. I will create an experiment in order to find out.The ExperimentPlanI will pour 20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of three different substances (ethanol, water and paraffin) into separate beakers. I will then place the three beakers into an incubator at 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes I will remove the beakers from the incubator and pour out the liquid from each beaker into its own measuring cylinder in order to find out how much of each substance evaporated.EquipmentI will need:* Incubator;* Stopwatch;* Thermometer;* 3 measuring cylinders* 3 beakers;* Ethanol;* Paraffin;* Water.PredictionI predict that the water will evaporate the most because it has the lowest atomic mass (18) of the three substances. Paraffin will hardly evaporate, if at all, due to its huge atomic mass (632!).ResultsWaterEthanolParaffinBefore20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½After18cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The da ta that I have collected may be inaccurate because while the beakers were in the incubator somebody tampered with the temperature control. However, there was not enough time for me to repeat the experiment and recollect all of the data so I am continuing with the data I already have. An improvement to the accuracy of the experiment would be to weigh the beakers of liquid before and after placing them in the incubator as no droplets would be lost transferring liquid between beakers.AnalysisThe results of this experiment show that ethanol evaporated the most with just 10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ remaining after being in the incubator for 30 minutes. The water didnt evaporate as much as I expected with 18cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ left after 30 minutes. Paraffin did not evaporate at all after 30 minutes there was still 20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ left in the beaker.These results partly support my prediction and partly contradict it. They support it in that as I predicted, paraffin did not evaporate at all. However, th ey contradict it in that ethanol evaporated much more than water did. I have no idea why this happened because water had a lower atomic mass than ethanol.EvaluationThe only part of my results which I expected was that of paraffin not evaporating. The results for ethanol and water surprised me as the substance with the lower atomic mass (water) did not evaporate nearly as much as the substance with the higher atomic mass (ethanol).The experiment could be improved for greater accuracy by weighing the beakers of liquid before and after they are placed into the pre-heated incubator for a set amount of time. This would prevent loss of water when transferring substances between containers.To be entirely satisfied with my data I would need to do this experiment at least three times to ensure that I had collected accurate data. I would also ensure that the actual liquid was at 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C for 30 minutes rather than the environment into which the liquid was placed being at 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C for 30 minutes.

Steve Brodie and the Brooklyn Bridge

Steve Brodie and the Brooklyn Bridge One of the enduring legends about the early years of the Brooklyn Bridge was a wildly famous  incident which may never have happened. Steve Brodie, a character from  the Manhattan neighborhood adjacent to the bridge, claimed to have jumped from its roadway, splashed into the East River from a height of 135 feet, and survived. Whether Brodie actually jumped on July 23, 1886, has been disputed for years. Yet the story was widely believed at the time, and the sensationalist newspapers of the day put the stunt  on their front pages. Reporters provided extensive details about Brodie’s preparations, his rescue in the river, and his time spent in a police station following the jump. It all seemed quite credible. Brodies leap came a year after another jumper from the bridge, Robert Odlum, died after hitting the water. So the feat had been assumed to be impossible. Yet a month after Brodie claimed to have jumped, another neighborhood character, Larry Donovan, jumped from the bridge while thousands of spectators watched. Donovan survived, which at least proved that what Brodie claimed to have done was possible. Brodie and Donovan became locked in a peculiar competition to see who could jump off other bridges. The rivalry ended two years later when Donovan was killed jumping from a bridge in England. Brodie lived for another 20 years and became something of a tourist attraction himself. He ran a bar in lower Manhattan and visitors to New York City would visit to shake the hand of the man who had jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge. Brodies Famous Jump The news accounts of Brodies jump detailed how he had been planning the jump. He said his motivation was to make money. And stories on  the front pages of both the   New York Sun and New York Tribune provided extensive details of Brodies activities before and after the jump. After arranging with friends to pick him up in the river in a rowboat, he hitched a ride onto the bridge in a horse-drawn wagon.   While in the middle of the bridge Brodie got out of the wagon. With some makeshift padding under his clothes, he stepped off from a point about 135 feet above the East River. The only people expecting Brodie to jump were his friends in the boat, and no impartial witnesses claimed to have seen what happened. The popular version of the story was that he landed feet first, sustaining only minor bruises. After his friends pulled him into the  boat and returned him to shore there was a celebration. A policeman came along and arrested Brodie, who appeared to be intoxicated.  When the newspaper reporters caught up with him, he was relaxing in a jail cell. Brodie appeared in court on a few occasions but no serious legal problems resulted from his stunt. And he did cash in on his sudden fame. He began appearing in dime museums, telling his story to gawking visitors. Donovans Leap A month after Brodies famous jump, a worker in a lower Manhattan print shop showed up at the office of the New York Sun on a Friday afternoon. He said he was Larry Donovan (though the Sun claimed his last name was actually Degnan)  and he was going to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge the next morning. Donovan claimed he had been offered money by the Police Gazette, a popular publication, and was going to ride onto the bridge in one of their delivery wagons. And he would jump with plenty of witnesses to the feat. Good to his word, Donovan did jump from the bridge on Saturday morning, August 28, 1886. Word had been passed around his neighborhood, the Fourth Ward, and rooftops were crowded with spectators. The New York Sun described the event on the front page of Sundays paper: He was steady and cool, and with his feet close together he leaped straight out into the great space before him. For about 100 feet he shot straight downward as he had leaped, his body erect and his legs tight together. Then he bent slightly forward, his legs spread a little apart and bent at the knees. In this position he struck the water with a splash that sent the spray high in the air and was heard from the bridge and on both sides of the river. After his friends picked him up in a boat, and he was rowed to shore, he was, like Brodie, arrested. He was also soon free.  But,  unlike Brodie, he did not want to display himself in the dime museums of the Bowery. A few months later, Donovan traveled to Niagara Falls. He jumped off the suspension bridge there on November 7, 1886. He broke a rib, but survived. Less than a year after his leap from the Brooklyn Bridge, Donovan died after jumping from the Southeastern Railway bridge in London, England. The New York Sun reported his demise on the front page, noting that while the bridge in England was not as high as the Brooklyn Bridge, Donovan had actually drowned in the Thames. Later Life of Steve Brodie Steve Brodie claimed to have jumped from the suspension bridge at Niagara Falls three years after his purported Brooklyn Bridge leap. But his story was immediately doubted. Whether or not Brodie had jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge, or any bridge, didnt seem to matter. He was a New York celebrity, and people wanted to meet him. After years of running a saloon, he became ill and went to live with a daughter in Texas. He died there in 1901.

Law School Laptops - Before You Buy

Law School Laptops - Before You Buy In the past several years, a laptop for law school has become less a luxury and more a must-have. In law schools across the country, students are using laptops to do everything from taking notes to studying in the library to taking exams. Here is a list of things you should consider before you buy a laptop for law school. Law School Laptop Requirements Some law schools have laptop or other computer/software requirements, so the first thing you should do is check those before you buy anything; keep in mind that some law schools still arent Mac-friendly for taking exams. For more on Macs in law schools, visit Erik Schmidts comprehensive resource,  Mac Law Students. Laptops Through Your Law School Many schools offer laptops through their own stores, but don’t automatically assume thats where youll get the best price or the one thats best for your needs; some schools do, though, offer to increase financial aid packages in you purchase through their store. Accordingly, be sure to consider all costs when buying a laptop for law school, and be sure to check the prices in the bookstore. If you don’t purchase your computer through your school, be on the lookout for back to school deals from major retailers like Best Buy. The Apple Store also has specials that throw in something extra if you buy a Mac for school. Weight of the Laptop If you plan on using your laptop in class, remember youll be carrying it around every day along with many heavy books. Try to buy a laptop that is as lightweight as possible for your needs, but as thinner laptops can cost considerably more, be sure to balance cost as well,  i.e., carrying around an extra half pound may be preferable to spending an extra $500. If you’re not going to invest in an â€Å"Ultrabook,† you might want to consider a good and comfortable laptop bag to carry your computer in. Screen Size Keeping in mind the weight, also consider that youll be looking at your laptop a lot over the next three years, so a tiny screen probably isnt to your advantage. We don’t recommend anything under 13 inches, and anything nearing 17 inches gets heavy and more expensive. Most screens are 1080p nowadays, but something 720p will do. Buying a laptop with touchscreen functionality comes down to personal preference, but really consider whether or not you’d use this feature considering those laptops are usually more expensive. Try to find a happy middle ground between the size of screen you want and the weight youre willing and able to lug around. Remember RAM Most computers come with at least a gigabyte of RAM, which should be plenty for you during law school. That said, if you can afford to go more than a few gigabytes, your computer will run faster, and you wont have to worry about upgrading the RAM over the next three years. Hard Drive Space Youll want at least 40GB for law school, but if you also plan on storing music, games, or other entertainment as well, think about going higher. Keep in mind that given the growth of fast online storage options, local storage space has become less of a concern. If you are going to go for a more expensive computer, make the upgrade for weight or RAM rather than hard drive space. Multi-Year Warranty or Protection Plan Stuff happens. Get a warranty or protection plan for your laptop so if something goes wrong during law school, you wont have the added stress of having to pay for repairs. Getting a warranty doesn’t make not getting a case ok! Extras As we mentioned earlier, a laptop case or bag of some sort is a fantastic investment. Don’t forget about the software you need to buy, and don’t buy it without checking with your schools store. You can often get computer software, like Microsoft Office, at a large discount (or even for free) as a student. Also, consider getting an external hard drive and/or USB drive to backup your work or a subscription to an online storage site like Dropbox. If you prefer a physical mouse, you can get a good wireless one for a reasonable price.

Software Project Fails Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Software Project Fails - Research Paper Example What is the real situation? Determining whether the opinions of those criticizing software projects are facts, I take a firsthand account of a software project that never saw the end of it. United Kingdom is one country that appreciates technology therefore making software crisis a norm in the region. NHS Connecting for health is part of the countries Department of health formed on 1st April 2005 replacing the then formed NHS Information Authority. The NHS Connecting for health had the task of the national programme for IT (NPfIT), an initiative by the government to move the National Health Service in England towards a centrally-mandated electronic care records for patients. It was also expected to connect 300,000 general practitioners to 300 hospitals, providing a safe and audited access to these records by authorized professionals. A project that would really boost the medical sector in England, the contracts for the NPfIT spine project was awarded in December 2003. NHS Connecting for Health ceased to exist on March 31, 2013 and software crisis was to blame. The cost of the project is estimated at  £12.4 billion according to the national office of statistics; it begun in 2000 and was due for completion in 2010. The project was to; create the NHS Care Records Service, which handles the spine database and create the Choose and Book system that would allow patients book their appointments with Doctors via their PCs (personal computers). It was also tasked to come up with a national broadband IT network to upgrade the then used infrastructure and create an IT support for the Personnel including the Quality Management and Analysis System (QMAS). The programme divided England into five regions called Clusters southern, London, Eastern, North West, West Midlands and the North East. Every cluster had a local service provider and a company contracted to deliver the services. The project was the largest civilian IT project and it was decided to

Socio-Economic Forces behind the Korean obsession with Plastic Surgery Essay - 35

Socio-Economic Forces behind the Korean obsession with Plastic Surgery - Essay Example From this study it is clear that traditionally, the Korean female ideal was one of submission and subjectlessness. Confucian men were encouraged to engage their minds and expand their territories while women were confined to domestic roles. Therefore, any alterations of the physical body would be done for the benefit of the male. However, times have changed; women in South Korea are now equal participants in the economy. They are well educated and career-driven. Therefore, a number of them now reject these traditional definitions of womanhood. As the study outlines Korean women today are highly empowered and now regard personal gratification as a priority in their lives. They want to feel better in their skin and will go for surgical procedures in order to satisfy themselves. Fairclough explains that most South East Asian women are accused of having sleepy or dull eyes. They thus seek to widen their eyes in order to have a youthful look. These individuals simply believe that they will have more fun if their eyes pop. Some critics claim that these surgeries perpetuate negative body self examination. However, most of these women go for body alterations voluntarily. Furthermore, a number of them already had negative views of themselves; therefore, surgeries are a solution that enhances their self image. One of the subjects in the above article affirmed that eye surgery allowed her to enjoy eye makeup more. In the past, this was not possible because of excess fat on the eyelids. Therefore, the subject explained that the surgical decision was not done to please anyone. Instead, it facilitated her own satisfaction with her body.

Literature Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Literature Review - Research Paper Example s to technological impact in determining social change, it is held that technology sometimes depends on social forces and at other times it functions in an independent manner in disregard to social objections. The idea of ‘technological determinism’ had its birth in the continent of Europe. However, with the advent of technological research in United States of America the concept of ‘technological determinism’ started gaining ground in that country. The spread of American Revolution emphasized on the growth of a liberal and prosperous society. However, it is found that the proponents of increased social prosperity and liberty through the spread of industrial revolution suffered from the fear of malpractices. They viewed that the process of steady industrialization to gain material prosperity if mishandled would lead to corruption. The effect of corruption in turn would tarnish moral fabric of the political and social sector of the economy. (Heilbroner, 1994) The implementation of advanced forms of technology creates a considerable impact in shaping social structures and organizational dynamics of both the historical and present society. In the modern context, it is found that the rapid spread of high combat technology to developing countries of the world is creating increased tensions in the social circles. It is widely viewed in this regard that such rapid spreading of war technologies to the hands of developing nations would turn into a factor difficult to be governed. Thus, it would become detrimental to the existence of the entire human race. In this regards, it is recommended to understand the effect of technology not in isolation to social systems but rather as a tool used by human beings to innovate newer process and systems. Further observation suggests that war technology used in both developed and developing countries have dual social implications. On one side, it is found that technological innovation in the war front is a product of human

IPE Reflection Account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IPE Reflection Account - Essay Example Next was the egg experiment wherein nobody wanted to take on the position of leadership and the group did not have enough team work to support one another, so our experiment failed. We also watched videos of people from different professions helping in emergency cases and this made me realize how everyone can contribute to one’s healing no matter what profession he belongs to. Feelings: I think it was good to be able to listen to the views of other professionals as I learned more about their fields and how they view communication. I also learned about communication barriers such as having a handicap like blindness or deafness and how that disabled person would really find it challenging to communicate his feelings, thoughts and ideas to others. I found the IPE sessions very enriching and fun, not to mention, an opportunity to meet other people from different professions that I may someday work with. I learned so much about the importance of communication and team work and know that the exercises will greatly impact how I would regard these two concepts as I practice my profession with other professionals. Evaluation: In the Communication Workshop, the various kinds of communication we brainstormed on were overwhelming. It is not limited to just speaking and listening, reading or writing, but now includes a host of other communication forms and media. However, in health services, most communication is limited to face-to-face since health professionals are in close contact with their patients/ clients, and with other professionals from different fields. Health care professionals need to see their clients in person to determine what the physical symptoms manifested by the patients/clients may mean. In my own group in the IPE, we kept on suggesting ways to solve the problem given to us, but since we were not so familiar with each other yet, we were

Commercial Production of Vitamin C Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commercial Production of Vitamin C - Assignment Example Vitamin c, chemically is Ascorbic acid, It naturally occurs in fruits and vegetables, it is a vital substance ,and is water salable, Human body can not synthesize Vitamin c, nor can it store it , therefore the body requirements needs to be full filled from diet, through absorption from the gut. Historically, the deficiency of dietary in take can lead to a disease called Scurvy.. In 1 8th century the sailors and solders who used to be ,on ship for long time and there food was deficient in fruits and vegetables would develop scurvy, main symptoms of scurvy are , bleeding gums, bone and Joint pain nerve disorders and death.. , East India company appointed surgeon general MR Jhon woodall, who recommends in his book the use of lemon juice for the prevention and cure of Scurvy. In the year 1912 MR Casimir Funk a polish American, developed the concept of vitamins, he thought that they are micro constituent of diet and are essential for health, he named them vitamins because he thought they are vital and chemically are amino acids., from 1928 till 1933 MR Joseph L Svivly and MR Albert Szent Gyeryl of Hungary and An independent American MR Charls Glin King first isolated the anti Scorbutic factor and named it Ascorbic acid . British chemists Sir Walter Norman Haworth in 1933 till1934 synthesized vitamin C and hence made it cheaply available, for this contribution he was awarded the Noble prize of medicine in 1937.... pregnancy, sickness and lactation the daily requirement increases .Many folds Properties of Vitamin C, and Uses vitamin C is needed as a dietary supplement , for humans and pets, like humans some animals can not synthesize the substance hence they need it on daily basis, Vitamin C is also used in Industry as food preservative , in fruit juices beverages, that is because of its antioxidant properties, it is used to preserve color , taste in many food products. Vitamin c removes the oxygen from the surroundings to become oxidized, by this action it acts as an antioxidant, oxidation is responsible for the brown color that develops in fruits ,once exposed to oxygen., by oxidation the phenols in the fruits are converted to Melanins,, Melanins are brown in color. Those fruits which turn brown on cutting , like apple bananas, have a phenols, these Page 3 Phenols, in presence of oxygen and metal can turn quickly into Quinns., which are harmful.. Vitamin C is added to fruit juices to improve taste , preserve nutritional value and to preserve the color In meat industry Vitamin C is used for its antioxidant properties, Vitamin C 1 accelerate color development, prevents Color fading , inhibits nitrosamine formation, and 2 prevents oxidation.." Vitamin c is more stable in amber colored containers ,and glass containers than in white ,and brown containers." ( Ahmed AA p 3 ). 3 "Vitamin C can improve the bread dough, where it improves the dough texture and loaf volume. " (Hosney R

IPE Reflection Account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IPE Reflection Account - Essay Example Next was the egg experiment wherein nobody wanted to take on the position of leadership and the group did not have enough team work to support one another, so our experiment failed. We also watched videos of people from different professions helping in emergency cases and this made me realize how everyone can contribute to one’s healing no matter what profession he belongs to. Feelings: I think it was good to be able to listen to the views of other professionals as I learned more about their fields and how they view communication. I also learned about communication barriers such as having a handicap like blindness or deafness and how that disabled person would really find it challenging to communicate his feelings, thoughts and ideas to others. I found the IPE sessions very enriching and fun, not to mention, an opportunity to meet other people from different professions that I may someday work with. I learned so much about the importance of communication and team work and know that the exercises will greatly impact how I would regard these two concepts as I practice my profession with other professionals. Evaluation: In the Communication Workshop, the various kinds of communication we brainstormed on were overwhelming. It is not limited to just speaking and listening, reading or writing, but now includes a host of other communication forms and media. However, in health services, most communication is limited to face-to-face since health professionals are in close contact with their patients/ clients, and with other professionals from different fields. Health care professionals need to see their clients in person to determine what the physical symptoms manifested by the patients/clients may mean. In my own group in the IPE, we kept on suggesting ways to solve the problem given to us, but since we were not so familiar with each other yet, we were

Financila reporting for Summer bodysuit Ltd (SBL) startup company Essay

Financila reporting for Summer bodysuit Ltd (SBL) startup company - Essay Example This problem is so serious that the bank has requested the company to reduce its overdraft for the next six months, hence worsening its already ailing cash slow. As a member of Drake Management Consultants, who have been mandated to advise the company regarding financial issues, I have undertaken to write this report, citing the key problems and offering some recommendations regarding the problems that the company is undergoing. Analysis of the company’s financial statements Return on capital employed (ROCE) The ROCE for Summer Bodysuit Ltd (SBL) has increased from 15.9% to 23.8%, which is a favorable trend. This shows that the business has efficiently invested its resources to create profits. However, the management should be careful to ensure that this rate is maintained at a higher rate than that of borrowing; otherwise its benefit may not be realised (Baker and Wurgler 30). Year before last Last year Profit before Tax 1,668 3,706 Capital Employed 10,474 15,600 ROCE = ((Pro fit before Tax) / (Capital Employed)) * 100. 15.9% 23.8% Return on Equity (ROE) It is remarkable that ROE has increased from 0.38 to 0.54, because this shows that the company’s profitability is on an upward trend, hence an assurance to the shareholders that their capital is being used efficiently to make profits. This trend should be maintained by continuing to invest in profitable opportunities, though the management should be very careful not to engage in investment decisions that can slow down this positive trend in the future. Net Income 1,248 2,926 Shareholder's Equity 3,274 5,400 ROE = Net Income/Shareholder's Equity 0.38 0.54 Gross Profit Margin The company’s gross profit margin has increased slightly, from 46% to 48%. Although, a slight increase in this ratio is a positive indication of financial health, the management should work hard to ensure the cost of sales is reduced at a more increasing rate so that the company’s growth can be speeded up. Inciden tally, as the company work out on strategies that can increase the firm’s revenue, it should not be forgotten that reducing marginal cost of sales is also very essential. Furthermore, what is left after netting cost of sales from the revenue is used for paying for additional expenses as well as for future savings (Barry 256). Year before last Last Year Revenue 14,006 22,410 COGS 7,496 11,618 0.46 0.48 Net Profit Margin The Net profit Margin has increased from 8.9% to 13%, which is financially very healthy; if this trend continues in the future, the company is likely to grow in leaps and bounds. The management should be on the lookout for the costs that could be increasing at a greater rate than the revenues and control them because this could cause the growth in the net profit margin to decelerate in the future (O’Connor 758). Year before last Last year Net income 1,248 2,926 Revenue 14,006 22,410 Net profit margin = (net income/ revenue)*100 8.9% 13% Inventory Turnove r Ratio The company’s inventory turnover ratio has declined from 5.79 times to 3.85 times. This declined trend can cause alarm if it is as a result of any goods selling slowly. However, if it is caused by a company’s new strategy that has led to increased inventory, and which will lead to overall growth, then this should not be a cause of alarm. However, the management sh

Ph Indicators Essay Example for Free

Ph Indicators Essay Preparing the Cabbage-Juice Indicator 1 Chop one head of red cabbage leaves into about 1-inch pieces and place them in a blender. Fill the blender about half full of water and blend the mixture at high speed for about 30 seconds. 2 Place a coffee filter inside a strainer and pour the cabbage juice through the coffee filter into a quart-sized jar. Sponsored Links Forensic Science Courses Take Forensic Science Classes Online or Nearby Start In Fall! www. CampusExplorer. com/Forensic 3 Cap the jar and label it Cabbage Juice Indicator. Measuring pH 4 Place a sample for pH measurement in a small jar, such as a baby-food jar and fill it about half full with the sample. 5 Add approximately 1. 5 ounces of the cabbage-juice indicator solution to the sample and stir it briefly with a spoon. 6 Estimate the pH by observing the color of the sample and cabbage-juice mixture. A light or dark pink solution indicates an acidic solution with pH between 2 and 4, purple or blue indicates a neutral solution of pH 6 to 8, green indicates a basic pH of 10 to 12 and yellow indicates a pH above 13. See the Resources section for a detailed color-to-pH correlation chart. Sponsored Links Raspberry Ketone WarningaPP-aPProved. com/RaspberryKetones Dont Buy Before Seeing This. Report by Rag-Tag Research Geeksâ„ ¢! 100 Business Cards $5www. vistaprint. com Free Shipping. Design your Personal Business Cards Online. Glow Stickwww. ShopAtHome. com/GlowSticks Save Before You Spend! Free Online Coupons, Offers Here. Hydrogen Sulfide OdorOdorManagement. com/refining Control fuel refining odors with OMIs green Ecosorb products

Sociological Perspective: Westboro Baptist Church

Sociological Perspective: Westboro Baptist Church Kyle Mahoney A counterculture is a subculture that rejects the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society, replacing them with a new set of cultural patterns (Thomas); the Westboro Baptist Church is an example of a counterculture due to its rejection of societal norms such as respect for the dead and acceptance of others, especially LGBT people, Jewish people, other Christian people, and African-Americans and black people in general. Their messages of extreme hatred for minorities, Jewish people, and those who do not share the same beliefs as them as well as their extremely aggressive use of media attention to further their hateful agenda, show that they are rebelling against norms, major values, and practices of the larger society, namely respect for others and an inclusive, caring attitude towards minorities. By using media attention and publicity, they are actively and aggressively trying to spread their hateful message and make others feel the same way they do about minorities, other religions, and the LGBT community. In the BBC documentary The Most Hated Family in America, one of the leaders of the group said that the Westboro Baptist Church was not in the process of attempting to convert sinners or grow their church, and that their real purpose was to provoke people and spread the hatred of God, to make people sympathize with the hatred that the Westboro Baptist Church shows. This leader then proceeds to talk about how the churchs goal is to plant the seeds of Gods hatred in the hearts and minds of others (OConnor). Pastor Fred Phelps, after dropping out of West Point and graduating with a ministerial degree from Jones College, began serving as Westboro Baptist Churchs pastor in 1955, and he and his family are the leaders of the church and its actions (Westboro Baptist Church). In 1967 the Westboro Baptist Church became not-for-profit. The group became fairly active in picketing, releasing statements regarding homosexuality and other things they viewed as sins, and anti-semitism in the 1990s onward. The majority of the Churchs membership is constituted of its founder Fred Phelps family. The first time the church truly gained media attention was in 1998, when Westboro picketed the funeral of a gay murder victim named Matthew Shephard. The group had signs saying God hates fags, among other extremely derogatory statements (Anti-Defamation League). The group also attempted to build a granite monument to Shephard, with his name and an anti-gay bible verse on it; their request to build this monument i n a public park was denied (Southern Poverty Law Center). The group truly came into the public spotlight in 2005, when they began to actively picket and protest deceased soldiers funerals, toting signs saying Thank God for dead soldiers and Thank God for IEDs, which brought them national attention from the media (Anti-Defamation League). In March 2006, the Westboro Baptist Church picketed the funeral of Matthew Snyder, who had served in Iraq. Albert Snyder, Matthews father, sued the Westboro Baptist Church for defamation, invasion of privacy, and emotional distress. The case eventually came before the Supreme Court of the United States in 2010 (Southern Poverty Law Center). The Supreme Court of the United States held that the Westboro Baptist Church was within their First Amendment rights while protesting and picketing funerals, and that their hateful speech was protected by their First Amendment rights as well (Snyder v. Phelps ET AL. ). Westboro Baptist Church remains active to th is day, and according to their website they have conducted 59,091 pickets as of this writing (Westboro Baptist Church). The group has also been banned from certain countries after threatening to picket funerals, namely the United Kingdom and Canada (Southern Poverty Law Center). The group is significant in the fact that they receive large amounts of media attention and that they are known for protecting their right to free speech in court, and the group actively challenges laws protecting the United States flag from desecration (Anti-Defamation League). Their ideology is an extremist Christian view that manifests itself as hatred towards basically all groups save the Westboro Baptist Church; focusing on minority groups and military. The sociological perspective is defined as being able to look beyond commonly held beliefs to see the bigger picture and the true meanings behind human actions (Thomas 4-5). A major driver of the Westboro Baptist Church is the fact that almost all of its key members are related, and that the children raised in the church are essentially brainwashed into thinking that they are right and all other groups or opinions are wrong. The group seems to simply spew hatred, but they truly believe that by spreading hateful ideas they are spreading the word of God to everyone (TED). The sociological imagination is defined as being able to see the connection between the larger world and ones personal life (Thomas 4-5 ). This group has affected the world by spreading hateful ideas, and act as a force that the greater culture rallies against, due to the Westboro Baptist Churchs disregard of mores like respecting the dead, the United States flag, and soldiers. Legally, this group is significant for p roving on the Supreme Court level that their picketing is legal and protected by the first Amendment (Snyder v. Phelps ET AL. ), along with their challenging of laws that protect the flag from desecration, and the group raises questions about the limits of first Amendment rights. Ethnocentrism is defined as viewing ones own culture or group as superior to another culture or group (Thomas 35), and by viewing American culture as superior it is easy to see why the Westboro Baptist Church is seen as a counterculture. The American people value diversity, it is often stressed in our society that it is good to be different or that everyone is unique; the Westboro Baptist Church rebels against this value in diversity, stating that other groups are inherently inferior as designed by God, and that these inferior groups deserve to die and burn in hell (Westboro Baptist Church). American culture also values the flag, which Westboro Baptist Church is known for desecrating and overturning laws protecting the flag. Most of all American culture values veterans, active duty soldiers, and the deceased, which Westboro Baptist Church actively pickets with signs reading Thank God for IEDs among other travesties (Westboro Baptist Church), showing that they are rebelling against ma jor mores that are valued by American culture. The groupss supremacist attitude, along with their hatred of homosexuals, the Jewish, and blacks, define them as a counterculture which rebels against the mores regarding diversity and freedom for all. Their hatred for soldiers and even the practice of funerals only serves to further prove they are a counterculture; by picketing funerals of soldiers the group is rebelling against major values and mores of society (Anti-Defamation League). Cultural relativism is defined as judging a culture by their own standards rather than imposing another cultures standards on a culture (Thomas 36). By applying cultural relativism to the Westboro Baptist Church, it is easy to see that the groupss member believe they are justified, and that what they are doing may be hateful, but it is hateful because God wants the group to spread hate. The group views itself as the only real religion that God will recognize, and views all other groups, even fellow Christians, as sinners destined for hell. The group feels that it is justified in its hatred of homosexuality because homosexuality is seen as a sin in the bible (Westboro Baptist Church). The group pickets funerals because they believe that funerals are where people will be most receptive to their ideas, and the group pickets soldiers funerals more often because they believe that the military is sinful and that the military is protecting the rights of homosexuals (Westboro Baptist Church) . The group is so invested in what they believe to be Gods divine mission for them that they do not care if they receive hate in return, and they believe that they are justified in disregarding major values, practices, and norms of society. Personally, as someone who was raised with a Protestant church background, as well as someone possessing black, Jewish, veteran, Catholic, and homosexual family members, I abhor and reject the practices of the Westboro Church; I see their actions as extremely disrespectful and devoid of anything that God would support, as the bible speaks more about inclusivity and loving sinners than spreading hatred. Although by taking a culturally relative view of the groups actions, I believe they are too extreme in showing that homosexuality is a sin, and as someone who no longer identifies as Christian I believe that people should be allowed to love who they want regardless of gender. I am not by any means a theologian or an ardent Christian, but I still believe that the Westboro Baptist Churchs extremist views, although protected by the first Amendment, are to be abhorred. I also strongly believe that the dead, especially those who died in active duty, should be held to the highest levels of r espect and honor, and I believe that the greater American culture is in concurrence with me in this belief. Westboro Baptist Church is important to the world because it has a global impact and brings issues regarding free speech and how far extension of free speech goes, and I hope that in the future the Westboro Baptist Church will never come to represent the majority opinion of Americans, because their hatred of others is disgusting. I believe that taking a certain degree of ethnocentrism is necessary when dealing with the Westboro Baptist Church because their ideals are so hateful that they can bring out hatred in others, and ethnocentrism acts as a barrier to stop their hatred from spreading. To conclude, Westboro Baptist Churchs extremist Christian views are so opposite to the major mores of American society that it makes them a counterculture, and the Westboro Baptist Church is an extremely hateful group that hopefully will not stand the test of time. References The Most Hated Family in America. Dir. Geoffrey OConnor. Perf. Louis Theroux. 2007. Documentary. Anti-Defamation League. Westboro Baptist Church. n.d. Archived Website. 10 March 2017. Snyder v. Phelps ET AL. . No. 09-751. Supreme Court of the United States. 6 October 2010. Court Case. Southern Poverty Law Center. SPL Center. n.d. Website. 7 March 2017. TED. I Grew Up in the Westboro Baptist Church. This is why I left. February 2017. Video. Thomas, W Laverne. Sociology- The Study of Human Relationships. Austin: Holt,Rinehart, Winston, 2003. 39, 4-5, 35, 36. Textbook. Westboro Baptist Church. God Hates Fags. n.d. Website. 10 March 2017.

Use of Imagery in Chopin’s The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awakening

Use of Imagery in Chopin’s The Awakening Several passages in The Awakening struck me because of their similar imagery—a bird, wings, and nudity. The first passage I looked at is in Chapter 9 where Edna Pontellier has a vision of a naked man â€Å"standing beside a desolate rock† (47) on a beach who is watching a bird fly away. This image was evoked by a one particular piece that Mme Ratignolle plays which Edna significantly calls â€Å"Solitude. † Apparently Edna frequently envisions certain images while listening to music: â€Å"Musical strains, well rendered, had a way of evoking pictures in her mind† (47). Listening to this piece Edna envisions a solitary, naked man with an â€Å"attitude [†¦] of hopeless resignation† (47). This scene presents solitude in many different ways. The figure standing alone and naked near the â€Å"desolate rock† illustrates the mood of solitude and resignation. I was reminded of that scene at the end of the novel in chapter 39 where we find a description of a very similar situation. Now it is Edna Pontellier herself standing alone on the beach at Grand Isle. She takes ...

No Easy Task

The well being of a nation begins with the development of its younger generation. They are the ones that will assume the task of running and maintaining the well being of this nation in the future. Unfortunately the task of to lead these youths in the right direction is no easy task. Numerous articles and studies have confirmed that our youth problems is a rising issue and should receive extra attention. Youth problems range from poor school achievement to youth pregnancy, crime, and drug addictions. Many experts have noted that one of the major causes that contribute to youth having problems is the lack of strong family value and substantial home-life. Youth belonging to this category are normally ones that have single parents or weak or uncaring parents. The above perspective along with some other variables, such as income level, media influence, and educational level, should explain why the youth problem phenomenon occurs. One of the fundamental ways to view why youth develop problems is to view their family structure. Many youth do not have what is considered to be a healthy or complete family. For example, if a youth is raised by a single parent, he or she may lack many of the family essentials, such family warmth, love sharing, or normal family life. The youth may also develop shame feelings among his or her peers. Another scenario might be a youth raised by weak and uncaring parents. The youth might not receive the adequate attention and guidance necessary for their thoughts, actions, and perhaps wrongdoing. In this case the youth may develop two types of feelings. They will either feel abandon because of the parents uncaring nature, or, the youth might feel exceptional freedom because the parents simply is weak or do not care. In both cases, youths having such family structures develops much higher percentage to differentiate themselves from their common peers. The second variable that seems to have a large influence as to why youth develop problems is the income level in which they reside. Income level is one of the issues that can t be changed so easily. Government aid and subsidies could only do so much in the aid of poverty stricken neighborhoods. Generally a great percentage of youth growing up in such a poor neighborhoods have a higher chance in exposing themselves to the numerous problems, such as, pregnancy, drugs, crimes. It is unfortunate, but no doubt that environment in which these youth grew up in are surrounded by such factors. Government funding and local group activist have trying to cure these blighted neighborhoods. Local activity centers, and youth organizations, and schools are fighting there ways into these area in hope to help give youth of these communities a better chance to succeed. Another variable that should be considered in why youth develop problems is media influences. Like Debra J. Saunders noted in her December 1999 editorial, youth are constantly being expose to the electronic media set out to influence youth to follow certain trends and mode of thinking. This is very true in this cyberspace, electronic media era. The Internet, television, and other media unconsciously place many messages in the minds of the youths. The youth are spending more of their time attracted to these media than they are in their necessary duties. The power or the media is so great that many of the youths mode of thinking are drawn to the character lifestyles of movies idols. The media have directly manipulated what is reality and what is fantasy in the mind of the youths. Therefore youths often try to be somebody or do something they saw from these electronic media exposures. Perhaps that the numerous in school shootings by teenage youths across the nation are the indirect results from too much media exposures toward youths. The final area that seems to contributes to youth problems are the educational level in which the youths are associated with. Educational levels vary greatly in schools that youths attend. The educational achievement accomplished by students determines if new educational programs are needed to aid underachieving students build there necessary skills to advance. Because the lack of such programs in some school, many youths in this category, find it difficult to continue their educational course. Therefore the rate of youth problems is the dependent variable of the drop out rate. Many students choose to alternative course of action if they cannot succeed in school. Their minimum knowledge is insufficient to land them much hope in making it the real world. Consequently problems are prone to along the route for these youths. We have briefly looked into the issue on contributing factors in youth problems. The variables we discussed are family structures, income level, media influences, and educational levels. It is important to acknowledge how these links intertwine in the life of a developing youth. Though we cannot simply generalize that a youth will develop problems once they have encounters with any or all of these variables for there are numerous successful examples for us to refer upon. But numerous studies have shown that the risk for youth to develop problems such as teen pregnancy, crime, drugs, and violence is at a higher rate when they are being raised in an environment that contains the variable we have discussed today.

Cry the Beloved Country Restoration Analysis

Restoration Through Symbolism Restoration is a beautiful thing. Watching something go from nothing to everything is amazing. In the book Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, restoration is one of the main themes of the book. I am going to talk about two main examples; a quotation from a character and the significance of a certain character. The first thing developing the concept of restoration is the character Napoleon. Napoleon was an allusion used in the story. He was a demonstrator that came to the city of Ndotsheni to help them ‘get back on their feet again' by teaching them how to efficiently farm.However, his advice was not exactly received with open arms. As a character, he is quite similar to Napoleon Bonaparte, a French leader. Both of them had very helpful ideas to improve life for everyone, but not everyone appreciated his suggestions. The Napoleon in the story also symbolizes starting the process of restoration. When Ndotsheni finally accepts his advice and begi ns doing things more efficiently, it's an enormous turning point for the city. Also symbolizing the restoration process is the words of another character, Father Vincent. Feature Article  Country School  Allen CurnowFear is a journey, a terrible journey, but sorrow is at least an arriving†, he says, while comforting Stephen Kumalo. When he says this, he also hints at the concept of restoration, because later in the quote, he references building a house, directly saying that you can rebuild what you have lost. I've just given two examples on how different types of material in the same book can mean almost the exact same thing. Watching restoration is still thrilling for me, whether it be in real life or in a fictional town.

Television Broadcast News: Credible information or Merely Entertainment?

In today’s journalistic world it is sometimes difficult to decipher between news broadcasts rendered as credible information as opposed to merely entertainment. It is safe to say that the media does have a responsibility in reporting the news truthfully and with honesty. As we begin to look more closely on the role of the News Media, local and national, we will find many interesting facets of the broadcasts to be analyzed. It is also expected that the media deliver news that is detailed, informative and credible.Unfortunately the content of the information sometimes broadcasts has other insignificant focuses such as, news regarding celebrities, entertainment (especially here in Los Angeles so close to Hollywood) and other tragic but unnecessary news. The content seems at times unimportant, weak, and falsely dramatic rather than a factual honest and necessary report of important occurrences local, national and international. At times the news seems more like a dramatic soap ope ra rather than news. Competion and monetary gain seems to drive the media to serve information that can be sometimes manipulated or sometimes just simply inappropriate.Another facet of the news media is the status of female anchors and reporters on network and local newscasts, which will be examined in this paper. It is important to note that the media has been known to be a field influenced by gender, racial and ethnic biases. These important topics will also be examined. It seems that the News Media is not very particular in choosing quality journalism these days. Some exceptions do exist although it seems that shows which function as informative shows are merely just entertainment and tabloid-like journalism.Such shows include, â€Å"Entertainment tonight†, â€Å"The E channel† programs, â€Å"Inside Edition†, and â€Å"Access Hollywood† to name a few. Even reality shows like â€Å"Cops† which are credible and reflect real life experiences are p ackaged for entertainment and sensationalist viewing. Also, when analyzing the role of local and national television broadcast news we still need to view the content of these programs with a grain of salt. News broadcasters are more influenced by events that will cause an immediate impact and sensational effect on the viewers than actual, credible and significant news. It is common for news broadcasters to begin the news  with such broadcasts covering such events as a â€Å"Wild Pursuit† or freeway car chase.Or, other such glamorized topics may include the arrest of famous actors or musicians whom have committed crimes. The O. J. Simpson case was a perfect example of such media frenzy or, the famous pop musician George Michaels being arrested for masturbating in the Beverly Hills Park restroom. How can the media choose to cover such insignificant events when the local areas, the nation or the international community has so many other important social, economical, political and humanitarian problems and events that are hardly addressed.Also, when we pursue to analyze the credibility of broadcasters, how are we sure that the information given to us is factual? Are we to believe everything that CNN reports is untainted and free of excessive nonfactual events and information? It would be justified to question the source of reported events and news stories. There has been so many times in which different views and different versions of the same story have been reported by varying news channels. Therefore it is sometimes difficult to decipher between fact or fiction and credible information or merely entertainment.It is also interesting to note that the media tries to maintain an air of social and political correctness when it comes to choosing its journalists although certain biases still due exists in the journalistic field. It is only in recent times that the news media has decided to hire more ethnically diverse journalists. Also in a field that had bee n mostly dominated by men, in recent times we have seen the hiring of more female anchors, reporters and journalists. Sometimes broadcasters use attractive journalists to gain the interest of the viewers.One of the most important TV news personalities of the last 40 years has been the famous Barbara Walters. She is one of the first women to gain acceptability and credibility from television news viewers. Also Christian Amanpour remains the first female TV broadcaster in our history who commands the same kind of respect as the long line of father figures that started with Murrow and continues with Rather, Brokaw and Jennings. Women journalists such as Walters and Amanpour have gained respect and stardom through many years of hard work and struggle through journalism.Nowadays, historic news stories have become the journalistic fast track to celebrity. And this happens so routinely that the search for the new media stars automatically built into coverage of the events themselves. Withi n hours of the attack on the World Trade Center, you could already hear people in the media world asking, â€Å"Who’s going to be made by this one? † Such celebrity came to female anchorwoman Ashleigh Banfield, a 33-year-old Canadian-born journalist when on September 11, Banfield covered groundzero in New York for MSNBC.Standing firm as she became coated with ash, network executives were so dazzled by her on-camera savvy that, although she had almost as little international knowledge as our president, they jetted her off to Pakistan, where she began anchoring the week-nightly news show â€Å"Region in Conflict. † Since then, she seems to have been everywhere for the cable channels covering a variety of important news stories and issues. A similar story occurred when Andrea Thompson made headlines when she recently revealed that she was quitting ABC’s â€Å"N. Y. P.  D Blue† to do a three-month tryout at the CBS affiliate in Albuquerque, N. M. to become a TV anchorwoman.Shortly after Andrea Thompson was hired by the CNN as an anchor. The 39-year-old actress and model has said that she believes her skills as an actress are transferable to TV news, even though she does not have any background in journalism. Although it’s not a matter of acting the news, it’s hard to fake a journalism background if you do not have one. Again this proves how today’s news media functions more as entertainment than credible responsible journalism.Some may say that it does not take any journalism skill to read a news script, and most stations want an appealing person, so why not have a pretty person reading a copy of the news? Personally I believe that this is unfair to other journalists male or female who have pursued a career studying and experiencing modern journalism. It is unfair to hire â€Å"sexy† or â€Å"sexual –attractive† journalists to report the news when the most important factor is the conten t and truthfulness of the news itself. It may be appropriate to flaunt ones sexuality in the fictional soap opera or fictional TV show arena, but not in the modern journalistic forum.Gender and sexuality should not be a factor. It would be hopeful to expect the News Media to cover more events with greater importance and significance to all people rather than to use journalism as a form of entertainment for the masses. Furthermore, it seems to me that the actual event and truth in media shouldn’t be tainted by such factors such as gender, ethnicity, age or how one presents him or herself physically, the events and news topics covered should speak for themselves, not the other way around.

Changing American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changing American Dream - Essay Example Material things like cars and rich apartments and luxury associated with American dream. Since the first automobile was invented it has embodied cultural and emotional values that have become an integral part of the American Dream. The Great Depression, resulted the stock market crash, caused widespread hardship during the Twenties and Thirties, and was almost a reverse of the dream for those directly affected. Racial instability did not disappear, and in some parts of the country racial violence was almost commonplace. Consumerism transformed the American Dream. People received a chance to earn more and buy expensive goods. Their buying habits were transformed and became necessities. The world seemed absurd, because war considered morally right. The events of major importance like WWII, Vietnam War, war in Afghanistan, or minor armored conflicts resulted in desire of people to live in peace. The period of the Cold War connected with Truman doctrine, and Cuban Missile Crisis transformed the dream. President Kennedy played an important role preventing the new World War with the Soviet Union. The invention of hydrogen and atomic bombs caused new sufferings for mankind. The first atomic bomb was used during WWII in Hiroshima.

White Collar Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

White Collar Crimes - Essay Example White collar crimes are not as simple as robbery or homicide crimes. These usually involved elaborate methods aimed to conceal the fraudulent activities. As such, investigating such types of crimes requires the same high level thinking and critical analysis. From the description provided above, white collar crimes requires an investigation that covers several fields, ranging from economic and financial activities to a clear understanding of the laws of the land. Therefore, white collar investigators must have in-depth knowledge of economics and finance. Also, investigators must know the economic and business laws. In some cases, investigators are also required to have computer systems know-how as certain white collar crimes involved internet fraud and other activities carried out through computers. White collar investigators need to possess the same critical thinking and analysis that all investigators of any type of crime must have. They must be very detailed and must be able to easily detect unscrupulous activities that may signal the act of committing white collar crimes. Furthermore, they must be firm and must be very good interrogators as solving white collar crimes relies heavily on witness accounts.

Highlight problems and issues trade union face in the UK and recommend Essay

Highlight problems and issues trade union face in the UK and recommend practical solutionsto solve them - Essay Example Failure to come on an agreement on the negotiations made, the trade unions are entitled to strike. Capitalism is a form of governance where, the land, labor and other factors of production are privately owned states Clarke (1978). Trade unions can be defined from this perspective as the representatives of the employees’ terms of employment to employers and government from a given policy which is based on the person who privately owns the union. The trade unions here are not government controlled but privately controlled. Trade union from a radical perspective can be defines as the representation of employees from the industrial and commercial sectors only. These are the unions that only focus on the two business sectors but they are not necessarily privately owned. Marxism emphasises on the workers’ rights to enjoy the fruits of their labor. It thus defines trade unions as organs which represent work towards ceasing employees’ harassment at work place and ensuring they enjoy the benefits and results that come from their work. Lionel (1968) states that in the UK, most unions belong to the Trades Union Congress, which represents many unions, and hence has more power over issues effecting workers nationally. Therefore trade unions act as a voice for the employees and often take on the role of challenging and updating contracts and conditions for members and also protect the members from harassment and employment related legal issues. Rosen (1969) states the main sources of power of the trade unions as the government, employers, and employees. These are the key sources of trade unions as they are the determinants of the representatives in the trade unions and the legal issues that it should abide to. Stewart (1986) argues that if a union does not have a good collective bargaining style, then it will lose its members who are the employees. On the other hand, the employers and the

Career Development of Muslim Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Career Development of Muslim Women - Essay Example The research design that is selected for the study is an exploratory research design, in order to understand the things deeply. As explained by Zechmeister et al., (1997) survey research represents a general approach to be used when the research design is implemented. Survey research is the method of gathering data from respondents thought to be representative of some population using an instrument composed of close structure or open-ended items (questions). It is one of the most dominant forms of data collection in the social sciences gives for the proficient collection of data over broad populations, agreeable to self-administration, administration in person, by telephone, via email, and on the internet. The primary data is to be collected by conducting field research that involves face to face interviews, surveys, questionnaires and focused group interviews. Primary research involves the use of primary data for the collection of data. Primary data are that information that is collected for the first time. The primary research will be especially useful since it will provide a guideline to the most current data available on this topic from Muslim women who are about to reach either supervisory or managerial positions and also from female who are about to enter the workforce. This will help to give an idea about what challenges they face and how they feel they will compare themselves with foreigners in the workplace. There are many advantages that have been identified in the use of the survey method.

Grant Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grant Proposal - Essay Example Statistical data from WIC tell us that 50% of the new mothers in this area initiate breast feeding but only 14.5% maintain breast feeding (WIC). This implementation plan will put into place a peer to peer breastfeeding program. The aim would be to improve the numbers of maintained breast feeding mothers and infants. The program is a peer to peer (buddy program) to support mothers attempting to breast feed. As noted, many women initiate the attempt (50%) but those who manage to continue are only (14%). There are many reasons for this, some of which are lack of support, confusion, fear, and anxiety (Stube, 2009). The primary goal of this program would be to increase the numbers of women who are able to maintain breast feeding. Keeping mothers breast feeding at least the first few months could improve the health of both mother and infant (Stube, 2009). It has been shown through several recent studies that peer coaching improves the continuation of breast feeding. Hoddinott, Chalmers, and Pell (2006) supported the fact that in some areas this has increased up to 35%. This is further supported by a quasi experimental evaluation done by Olson, Haidir, and Vanggel et. al. (2010) in which they found that peer to peer counseling improved initiation by 27 points and increased duration by 3 week. In Bangaladesh Hollander showed that peer counseling increased breast feeding at five months by 70% and Shafer, Vogel, and Vigas (2009) showed in their randomized control trial, an increase of 6% initiation and 9% continuation in rural low income women. Referral Peer support is provided through a network of volunteers that are trained in the problems related to breast feeding as well as having been successful at breast feeding themselves. This training will be initiated through the WIC and LaLeche League International program to assure that the new mothers are getting the support that is needed. The idea is to choose a supporting peer that has the same culture and socioeconomic background as the mother to be supported. The new mother may be referred in several ways including WIC, Public Health, Food Stamps, physician, social services, self referral and others. Access Once the mother has been referred she is contacted by a peer and given information, including classes that she can attend that prepare her for the breast feeding process. This includes such procedures as needed to harden nipples, decreasing pain on initiation of breastfeeding. After childbirth, the provide nonmedical assistance as needed to reduce frustration and anxiety in the new mother who is attempting to breast feed. This includes the mother who goes back to work. Often, the transition from breastfeeding to pumping and bottle feeding is extremely difficult (Dennis, Hodnett, & Gallop, 2002). The peer who has been successful through this transition can help quite a lot in improving this transition, keeping the mother breast feeding for a longer period of time. This program would be based in the community clinics in each of these counties but the peers are available through the hospital setting as well as phone. Telephone counseling and support are available 4 times per day. Peer Training Peers will be expected to attend classes on basic breastfeeding management, nutrition, infant

Investigating the Inverse Square Law Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Inverse Square Law Essay The inverse square law can also be applied to gravity, electric fields, light and sound. In relation to electric fields, the electric force in Coulombs law follows the inverse square law: If gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation and undergo negligible absorption in air, then the intensity, I, should vary inversely as the square of the distance between the source and the detector.2 Air acts as an almost transparent medium to ?-rays, and the intensity (rate of energy arrival per unit area) of ?-rays emanating from a point source varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source. 3 ?-rays fall into many distinct monoenergetic groups because of their variable energies which emanate from any particular emitter. The least energetic radiation will only pass through very thin foils, whereas the most energetic can penetrate up to several centimetres of lead.4 As ?-rays tend to produce 10-4 times as many ion-pairs per unit length as ?-particles do, measurements are usually carried out using a Geiger-Mller (G-M) tube.5 G-M tubes are widely used for detecting radiation and ionising particles. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger-M%C3%BCller_tube The anode is a central thin wire which is insulated from the surrounding cathode cylinder, which is metal or graphite coated. The anode is kept at a positive potential and the cathode is earthed. The tube may also have a thin mica end window.6 When radiation enters the tube, a few electrons and ions are produced in the gas. If the voltage is above the breakdown potential (The minimum reverse voltage to make the diode conduct in reverse)7 of the gas, the number of electrons and ions are greatly multiplied. The electrons are attracted to the anode, and the positive ions move towards the cathode. The current flowing in the high resistance resistor (R) produces a pd which is amplified and passed to a counter which registers the passage of an ionising particle or radiation through the tube.8 The tube cannot be filled with air as the discharge persists for a short time after the radiation is registered. This is due to electrons being emitted from the cathode by the positive ions which arrive there. Instead, the tube is filled with argon mixed with a halogen vapour which quenches, reduces the intensity, the discharge quickly, ensuring that the registered radiation does not affect the recording of other ionising particles. When the G-M tube is detecting one particle, if another enters the tube it will not be detected. This is known as dead time; the average maximum being approximately 90 microseconds.9 Because this number is so small, it can justifiably be ignored for this experiment. Background radiation must be taken into account when taking readings from the source. Background radiation primarily comes from cosmic radiation and terrestrial sources.10 This radiation will affect the count and must be corrected. The level of this radiation varies with location and must be measured before conducting the experiment. Since I ? C: C ? 1 (d + d0)2 Therefore: d + d0 ? 1 Vc I ? 1 r2 Where: * d = distance * d0 = distance to be added to the measured distance, d, because of the reference point on the holder not coinciding with the source, and the effective counting space inside the GM tube may not be close to the window, then r = d + d0. * I = intensity * C = corrected count rate the measured count rate minus the reading for background radiation11 Corrected count rate against 1/(d + d0)2 should produce a straight-line graph, passing through the origin, if the inverse square law is followed. Source: A Laboratory Manual of Physics -F. Tyler, Page 269 The gradient of the line obtained is a measure of the strength of the source used in the experiment.12 The strength of the source is the activity, A=?N. The decay constant, ?, can be calculated using ? = ln2/t1/2 where the value for the half-life of Co-60 is 5.2714 years13. Therefore: ? = ln2/t1/2 = 0.693/1.664 x 108 = 4.175 x 10-9 The gradient of the straight line graph will equal ?N0e-?t so ? = gradient/ N0e-?t Safety Precautions: To ensure the utmost safety before, during and after this experiment, some guidelines should be followed: * Food and drink should not be consumed whilst in the same room as the source * Food items should not be stored in the same room as the source * The source should only be handled with long handled source handling tongs, and as little as possible * Hands should be washed thoroughly after contact with the source * If in contact with the source for an extended period, it is recommended that a monitoring badge is worn * As the source will radiate in only one direction, it should not be pointed at anyone * The source should be locked away in a lead lined box when not in use * Open wounds should be covered securely * Protective gloves should be warn when handling potentially contaminated items Errors: To reduce the possible errors within the experiment, an optical bench will be used to ensure that the G-M tube and the source are properly aligned throughout, as the source radiates in one direction, the alignment must remain standard. Also, for small distances, specifically the distance d0 which is the distance the source is from the opening of the holder plus the distance of detection from the window in the G-M tube, vernier callipers will be used to hold as much accuracy as possible. Vernier callipers read to fractions of a millimetre, making them much more accurate than other measuring devices. Other distances, such as distance d, can be measured with a metre rule as the distances are larger which decreases the possible error in measuring. There will also be the error of human reaction times from observing the final count and pressing the stopclock. To ensure accuracy, practise using the stop-clock and count switch until reasonably consistent results can be obtained. Preliminary Work: To decide on an appropriate voltage to use, the G-M tube and source set-up should be tested. Place the source approximately 10 cm from the window of the G-M tube and increase the voltage slowly, until the count rate stops changing dramatically. Plot a graph of the count-rate, C, against EHT voltage, V. Record the voltages V1 and V2 between which the rate of counting does not vary too much. If the rate of counting begins to rise after remaining much the same for a range of voltage do not raise the voltage any higher or the tube may suffer damage.14 The optimum operating voltage will be halfway between the voltage where the plateau begins and the voltage where it ends. To decide on the range of distances used, the source was moved close to the window of the G-M tube and was moved back slowly until the scaler could count adequately (5 cm). This is the smallest distance that will be used. To find the other extreme, the source was moved back until the count rate fell to a low value, but could still provide adequate results (35 cm). d (cm) N t1 (s) t2 (s) t3 (s) Ave. t 5.00 10,000 212 209 209 210.00 10.00 10,000 773 779 790 780.67 15.00 1000 180 220 205 201.67 20.00 1000 317 355 345 339.00 25.00 1000 457 469 437 454.33 30.00 1000 543 510 542 531.67 35.00 1000 749 720 735 734.67 From these preliminary results I have decided to time for 10,000 counts at 5 cm from the source, 5000 counts for 10cm from the source, and 1000 for 15 30cm. This is because any higher values will take considerably longer to measure. I will take three readings from each, as radioactive decay is a random process and it would be unlikely for more than three readings to be similar. An average will be calculated from the three values and the reading for the background radiation will be subtracted to find the corrected count rate. Equipment: * Geiger-Mller tube of , ? sensitive type * Decade scaler with variable EHT supply * Sealed cobalt-60 source sealed to prevent contact with the source and to prevent isotropic radiation * Long handled source handling tongs to prevent contact with the source * Optical bench with source holder to ensure constant alignment * Stop-clock, readable to at least two decimal places * Vernier callipers to measure the distance d0 to a higher level of accuracy * Metre rule to measure the distance d Diagram: Where: * B is the optical bench with source holder, H * G is the Geiger-Mller tube * S is the decade scaler with variable EHT supply * R is the sealed radioactive source, cobalt-60 Cobalt-60 will be used as the gamma source as it is easily produced, by exposing natural cobalt to neutrons in a reactor, and therefore easy to acquire.15 It also produces ?-rays with energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. Method: 1. Clamp the G-M tube to one end of the optical bench and attach it to the input socket of the scaler 2. Set the variable EHT voltage on the scaler at a minimum and turn it on, allowing a few minutes for the scaler to warm up 3. Change the variable EHT voltage on the scaler to the value found through preliminary work and set it to count pulses from the G-M tube 4. Start the stopclock and measure the background radiation for an adequate length of time, e.g. 25 minutes, as background radiation is variable 5. Place the holder containing the ?-source at 5.0 cm from the window of the G-M tube 6. Start the stopclock and stop after 10,000 counts are registered. Record this value and repeat twice 7. Move the ?-source to 10.0 cm from the window of the G-M tube and repeat procedure 5, instead only counting 5000 counts 8. Move the ?-source to 15.0 cm from the window of the G-M tube and repeat procedure 5, instead counting only 1000 counts 9. Repeat procedure 7 for sets of 5.0 cm until a distance of 30.0 cm is reached 10. Tabulate these results and find the average count rate for each distance 11. Evaluate 1/(d + do)2 12. Using the recorded value for background radiation, evaluate the corrected count rate for each distance 13. Plot the graph of corrected count rate against 1/(d + do)2 References: 1 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/forces/isq.html 2 Essential Pre-University Physics Whelan Hodgson, page 953 3 Essential Principles of Physics Whelan Hodgson, page 472 4 Essential Principles of Physics Whelan Hodgson, page 472 5 Essential Principles of Physics Whelan Hodgson, page 472 6 http://www.imagesco.com/articles/geiger/03.html 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltage 8 Essential Pre-University Physics Whelan Hodgson, page 406 9 http://www.imagesco.com/articles/geiger/03.html 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_radiation 11 Advanced Level Practical Physics M Nelkon JM Ogborn, page 218 12 A Laboratory Manual of Physics F. Tyler, page 269 13 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt * 14 Advanced Level Practical Physics M Nelkon JM Ogborn, page 212 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt